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Grammar • 10 min

Subjunctive Mood: The Mood of Possibility and Desire

Master the subjunctive mood, its conjugations, uses, and the subtleties that make this verbal mood essential for expressing doubts, desires, and hypotheses.

By FaleBrasil

The subjunctive mood is one of the most challenging and expressive aspects of the Portuguese language. Used to express hypothetical actions, desires, doubts, and possibilities, it adds subtle and profound nuances to communication.

What is the Subjunctive Mood?

The subjunctive expresses:

  • Uncertainty: Duvido que ele venha (I doubt he’ll come)
  • Desire: Espero que você consiga (I hope you succeed)
  • Hypothesis: Se eu tivesse dinheiro (If I had money)
  • Indirect command: É importante que estudem (It’s important that they study)
  • Emotion: Fico feliz que tenhas chegado (I’m happy you’ve arrived)

Subjunctive Tenses

1. Present Subjunctive

Formed from the 1st person singular present indicative:

VerbI (ind.)FormationPresent Subjunctive
falarfalofal-que eu fale
comercomocom-que eu coma
partirpartopart-que eu parta

Complete Conjugation

PersonFalarComerPartir
que eufalecomaparta
que tufalescomaspartas
que ele/elafalecomaparta
que nósfalemoscomamospartamos
que vósfaleiscomaispartais
que eles/elasfalemcomampartam

2. Imperfect Subjunctive

Formed from the 3rd person plural preterite:

VerbThey (pret.)FormationImperfect Subjunctive
falarfalaramfalar-se eu falasse
comercomeramcomer-se eu comesse
partirpartirampartir-se eu partisse

3. Future Subjunctive

Also derived from the 3rd person plural preterite:

VerbThey (pret.)FormationFuture Subjunctive
falarfalaramfalar-quando eu falar
comercomeramcomer-quando eu comer
partirpartirampartir-quando eu partir

Irregular Verbs in Subjunctive

Main Irregularities

InfinitivePresentImperfectFuture
serque eu sejase eu fossequando eu for
estarque eu estejase eu estivessequando eu estiver
terque eu tenhase eu tivessequando eu tiver
haverque eu hajase eu houvessequando eu houver
fazerque eu façase eu fizessequando eu fizer
poderque eu possase eu pudessequando eu puder
irque eu váse eu fossequando eu for
virque eu venhase eu viessequando eu vier

Uses of the Subjunctive

1. Noun Clauses

After expressions of:

  • Doubt: Duvido que ele chegue a tempo (I doubt he’ll arrive on time)
  • Desire: Quero que você seja feliz (I want you to be happy)
  • Emotion: Lamento que isso tenha acontecido (I regret this happened)
  • Command: Exijo que me respeitem (I demand they respect me)
  • Necessity: É preciso que todos colaborem (Everyone needs to collaborate)

2. Adjective Clauses

With indefinite antecedent:

  • Procuro alguém que saiba francês (Looking for someone who knows French)
  • Não há nada que me agrade aqui (There’s nothing that pleases me here)
  • Qualquer coisa que faças estará bem (Whatever you do will be fine)

3. Adverbial Clauses

Concessive

  • Embora esteja cansado, vou continuar (Although I’m tired, I’ll continue)
  • Ainda que chova, iremos à praia (Even if it rains, we’ll go to the beach)

Conditional

  • Se tivesse tempo, viajaria mais (If I had time, I’d travel more)
  • Caso precise, me avise (If you need, let me know)

Purpose

  • Estudo para que possa passar (I study so I can pass)
  • Falo devagar a fim de que todos entendam (I speak slowly so everyone understands)

Temporal (future)

  • Quando chegar, avise-me (When you arrive, let me know)
  • Assim que puder, venha me ver (As soon as you can, come see me)

Expressions Requiring Subjunctive

Impersonal Expressions

  • É possível que… (It’s possible that…)
  • É provável que… (It’s probable that…)
  • É importante que… (It’s important that…)
  • É melhor que… (It’s better that…)
  • É necessário que… (It’s necessary that…)
  • Convém que… (It’s advisable that…)
  • Basta que… (It’s enough that…)

Verbs of Influence

  • Querer que (to want that)
  • Desejar que (to desire that)
  • Esperar que (to hope that)
  • Pedir que (to ask that)
  • Ordenar que (to order that)
  • Permitir que (to allow that)
  • Proibir que (to forbid that)

Subjunctive vs. Indicative

Meaning Contrasts

Indicative (certainty)Subjunctive (uncertainty)
Sei que ele vem (I know he comes)Duvido que ele venha (I doubt he comes)
Creio que é verdade (I believe it is true)Não creio que seja verdade (I don’t believe it is true)
Depois que chegou (After he arrived)Antes que chegue (Before he arrives)
É certo que fará (It’s certain he will do)É possível que faça (It’s possible he will do)

Subjunctive in Brazilian Portuguese

  1. Replacement by Indicative (informal):

    • Formal: Espero que ele venha (I hope he comes)
    • Informal: Espero que ele vem
  2. Simplification of Future Subjunctive:

    • Traditional: Quando tu vieres (When you come)
    • Common: Quando você vier
  3. Preference for Alternative Structures:

    • Subjunctive: Se eu tivesse dinheiro (If I had money)
    • Alternative: Se eu tinha dinheiro (colloquial)

Common Errors

1. Confusion between Future Subjunctive and Infinitive

❌ Quando você ver ele, avise
✅ Quando você vir ele, avise (When you see him, let me know)

❌ Se você manter a calma
✅ Se você mantiver a calma (If you keep calm)

2. Incorrect Use after “Se”

❌ Se eu teria dinheiro
✅ Se eu tivesse dinheiro (If I had money)

3. Subjunctive after Expressions of Certainty

❌ Tenho certeza que ele venha
✅ Tenho certeza que ele vem (I’m sure he comes)

The Subjunctive in Literature

Great authors explore the richness of the subjunctive:

  • Fernando Pessoa: “Everything is worthwhile / If the soul is not small”
  • Carlos Drummond: “And now, José? / The party is over”
  • Vinícius de Moraes: “May it be eternal while it lasts”

Importance of the Subjunctive

Mastering the subjunctive allows:

  • ✅ Expressing subtle nuances of meaning
  • ✅ Demonstrating cultured command of the language
  • ✅ Communicating uncertainties and possibilities
  • ✅ Formulating complex hypotheses
  • ✅ Expressing desires and emotions precisely

Conclusion

The subjunctive mood is an expressive treasure of Portuguese, allowing speakers to communicate not just facts, but also possibilities, desires, and uncertainties. Though challenging, mastering it is a mark of proficiency and elegance in language use.